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Kneecap Dislocation
Dr. Ambrose Yung
What is Kneecap Dislocation?
Kneecap dislocation occurs when the kneecap (patella) shifts out of its normal position, usually sliding to the side of the knee.
This is commonly caused by a sudden twist or a direct impact. A dislocated kneecap can cause the knee to become unstable, making it difficult to move and leading to pain during daily activities.
Causes of Kneecap Dislocation
Kneecap dislocation can occur when there is an abnormal movement or trauma to the knee. Several factors can increase this risk:
- Direct Injury: A sudden impact or fall, such as getting hit during sports, can push the kneecap out of place.
- Genetics: Certain individuals who are born with differences in their knee structure, such as a shallow knee groove or naturally loose ligaments, may have an increased risk of injury. A family history of knee issues can increase the likelihood of knee dislocation.
- Sports and Activities: High-impact sports like basketball, soccer, or gymnastics, which involve jumping and quick movements, or a direct hit to the knee during sports or play, increase the risk of dislocation, particularly in children and teenagers.
- Age and Gender: Those between the ages of 13 and 20 are more prone to kneecap dislocation as their joints are still developing. Women may be at a higher risk due to the differences in their knee alignment and structure.
Symptoms of Kneecap Dislocation
The symptoms of a kneecap dislocation can vary depending on the severity of the damage, depending on the extent of the injury. Common signs include:
- Sudden, Intense Pain
A sharp, intense pain at the front of the knee is often the first sign of dislocation, making it difficult to move the knee. - Visible Displacement
The kneecap may be visibly out of position, usually shifting to the side of the knee joint, giving the knee an abnormal appearance. - Swelling and Bruising
The knee may begin to swell quickly and the area may develop bruising shortly after the injury. - Difficulty with Movement
Bending or straightening the knee can be very painful, and the knee may feel weak, unstable or unable to support weight.
Diagnosis of Kneecap Dislocation
- Physical examination: The doctor will examine your knee for signs of dislocation, swelling, or bruising. You may be asked to move your knee to evaluate pain levels and range of motion, which helps in diagnosing the injury.
- Imaging (Magnetic Resonance Imaging and X-rays): MRI provides detailed images of not only the bones but also the cartilage and ligaments.This helps the doctor identify additional damage, such as tears or soft tissue injuries around the kneecap. While X-rays may not be needed for diagnosing a kneecap dislocation, they are useful for detecting bone fractures that could have contributed to the injury.
- CT Scan (Computed Tomography): A CT scan creates a 3D image of the knee, allowing your doctor to assess the position of the kneecap and identify any bone damage that may have occurred with the dislocation.
Treatment Options for Kneecap Dislocation
Non-surgical Treatment
Non-surgical treatments can help manage pain and improve knee stability after a dislocation. Common options include:
- Medication: Over-the-counter anti-inflammatory drugs are commonly used to alleviate pain and reduce swelling after the injury.
- Supportive Braces: Knee braces or stabilisers provide added support and help keep the kneecap in place, improving stability and reducing the risk of further injury.
- Physical Therapy: A physical therapist can guide you through exercises to strengthen the muscles around the knee, improve flexibility, and prevent future dislocations.
Surgical Treatment
Surgery for kneecap dislocation is considered when the damage is severe, recurrent, or when other treatments have failed. Common surgical procedures include:
Lateral Release
This procedure involves cutting the tight tissues on the outer side of the kneecap to reduce abnormal pulling, allowing the kneecap to move more freely within its groove.
Medial Patellofemoral Ligament Reconstruction
If the ligament holding the kneecap in place is damaged, it can be reconstructed using a tendon graft from elsewhere in the body. This procedure is effective in reducing the likelihood of future dislocations.
Tibial Tubercle Transfer
In cases where the kneecap is misaligned, the attachment point of the kneecap tendon is repositioned to improve knee alignment and prevent further dislocations.
Arthroscopic Surgery
For less severe cases, minimally invasive arthroscopic surgery may be performed to realign the kneecap and repair any damaged cartilage or soft tissues. This approach typically results in less pain and faster recovery than traditional open surgery.
Reducing the Risk of Kneecap Dislocation
Maintaining a healthy lifestyle and weight through a balanced diet and regular exercise can help lower the risk of knee dislocations. Muscle-strengthening exercises like leg presses and squats strengthen the muscles around the knee and improve kneecap stability. Wearing proper footwear during these activities also supports the knees and reduces the risk of injury. Regular check-ups, particularly for individuals with a history of knee issues, can help in early detection and management of further knee damage.
Our Clinic Locations
Spire Hip & Knee Centre
6 Napier Road #08-04
Singapore 258499
Monday – Friday: 9.00am – 6.00 pm
Saturday: 9.00am – 1.00pm
Sunday & PH: CLOSED
Spire Orthopaedic Physiotherapy & Rehab Centre
101 Irrawaddy Road, #18-03
Singapore 329565
Monday – Friday: 9.00am – 6.00 pm
Saturday: 9.00am – 1.00pm
Sunday & PH: CLOSED
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Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
Can a dislocated kneecap heal on its own?
The kneecap may return to its proper position on its own, but it is recommended that you see a doctor to avoid any further damage to the knee. You may still require therapy to strengthen your knee and prevent future dislocations.
Will my kneecap dislocate again?
Yes, there is a chance of re-dislocation, especially if your knee muscles are weak. Strengthening these muscles through specific exercises can help lower the risk of future dislocations.
How long does it take to recover from a dislocated kneecap?
Recovery time varies depending on the type of surgery and the severity of the injury. It typically takes a few weeks to 3 to 6 months. Rest and physical therapy are necessary to speed up the healing process and regain full knee movement.