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Knee Fractures
Dr. Ambrose Yung
What are Knee Fractures?
A knee fracture occurs when one of the bones in the knee joint breaks, most commonly the patella (kneecap). However, the thigh bone (femur) or shinbone (tibia) can also be affected.
Knee fractures are often caused by high-impact events like falls or car accidents. These fractures can affect joint stability, especially if the fracture is displaced, leading to difficulty walking and performing daily activities.
Causes of Knee Fractures
Knee fractures are usually caused by trauma to the knee. Common causes include:
- Trauma from falls or car accidents
Falling directly on the knee or being involved in a car accident can lead to fractures. - Osteoporosis
Individuals with osteoporosis are more likely to sustain knee fractures due to weakened bones. - Sports Injuries
High-impact sports such as football, basketball, or skiing increase the risk of knee fractures, particularly during collisions or hard landings. - Workplace Accidents
Jobs involving heavy lifting, especially when combined with improper techniques or slips, can increase the likelihood of knee fractures.
Symptoms of Knee Fractures
The symptoms of a knee fracture can vary based on the severity of the break. Common signs include:
- Sharp, Intense Pain: Sharp pain in the knee is often the first sign of a fracture, making it difficult to move the knee or bear weight on the leg.
- Swelling and Bruising: The knee may swell rapidly, and bruising can develop shortly after the injury.
- Visible Displacement: In cases of severe fractures, the knee may appear misaligned or deformed, usually shifting upward or to the side of the joint.
Diagnosis of Knee Fractures
- Physical Examination: The doctor examines your knee for signs of swelling, bruising, and tenderness. You may be asked to move your knee to assess pain levels and range of motion, which is helpful in diagnosis.
- Imaging Tests: X-rays provide detailed images of the bones used to determine the location and extent of the fracture. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) provides more detailed images of the bones, cartilage, and ligaments, which helps identify additional damage, such as ligament tears or soft tissue injuries around the knee.
- CT Scan: A computed tomography (CT) scan creates a 3D image of the knee, allowing your doctor to assess the injury from multiple angles. This is especially useful for severe fractures, as CT scans provide detailed images of bone alignment.
Treatment Options for Knee Fractures
Non-Surgical Treatment
Non-surgical treatments can help manage pain and support healing after a knee fracture. Common options include:
- Medication: Over-the-counter anti-inflammatory drugs are commonly used to alleviate pain and reduce swelling after the injury. For more severe pain, your doctor may prescribe stronger medication.
- Cast Immobilisation: A cast is used to immobilise the knee, ensuring the bones remain properly aligned during the healing process. Immobilisation allows the bone to heal in the correct position.
- Supportive Braces: For fractures that are less severe or partially healed, a knee brace may be used instead of a full cast. Braces support the knee while allowing some degree of movement, which can help prevent stiffness.
- Physical Therapy: A physical therapist will guide you through exercises to restore knee strength, flexibility, and range of motion. Physical therapy also helps prevent complications such as long-term stiffness or muscle weakness.
Surgical Treatment
Surgery is considered for severe knee fractures, misaligned bone, or when non-surgical treatments are insufficient. Common surgical procedures include:
Open Reduction and Internal Fixation (ORIF)
This is the most common procedure for severe knee fractures. It involves realigning the fractured bone and securing it in place using plates, screws, or rods, ensuring the bone heals in the correct position.
Minimally Invasive ORIF
In some cases, minimally invasive techniques are used during ORIF to reduce incision size, resulting in faster recovery and less postoperative pain compared to traditional open surgery.
Partial or Total Patellectomy
These procedures are performed for severe kneecap fractures that cannot be repaired, where either part or all of the patella may be surgically removed. While these surgeries can help relieve pain, they may also lead to reduced knee stability and function.
Reducing the Risk of Knee Fractures
To lower the risk of knee fractures, maintain a healthy weight, follow a balanced diet rich in calcium and vitamin D, and engage in regular exercise to improve bone health. Weight-bearing exercises, such as walking and strength training, strengthen and stabilise the knee. Regular check-ups are recommended, particularly for individuals with a history of knee issues or osteoporosis, as early detection of bone weakness can help prevent fractures.
Our Clinic Locations
Spire Hip & Knee Centre
6 Napier Road #08-04
Singapore 258499
Monday – Friday: 9.00am – 6.00 pm
Saturday: 9.00am – 1.00pm
Sunday & PH: CLOSED
Spire Orthopaedic Physiotherapy & Rehab Centre
101 Irrawaddy Road, #18-03
Singapore 329565
Monday – Friday: 9.00am – 6.00 pm
Saturday: 9.00am – 1.00pm
Sunday & PH: CLOSED
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Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
Can knee fractures heal without surgery?
Yes, many knee fractures, especially non-displaced ones, can heal with non-surgical treatments such as immobilisation and physical therapy. However, if the fracture is severe or displaced, surgery may be required for proper alignment and healing.
What is the recovery time from knee fracture surgery?
It usually takes 6 to 12 weeks for the bone to heal, but patients undergoing surgery or those with more complex fractures may require a longer recovery time.
Can knee fractures lead to long-term complications?
Yes, depending on the severity and location of the fracture, knee fractures can lead to long-term complications such as arthritis, joint stiffness, or chronic pain, especially if the fracture reaches the joint. It is recommended that you see a doctor to prevent further knee damage.